Diffusion of hydrogen through metals at high temperatures is an important topic for tritium systems and hydrogen powered vehicles. Teaching diffusion in the undergraduate materials laboratory benefits from first-hand experience with osmotic measurements. An experiment was set up to demonstrate the penetration of hydrogen through a stainless steel tube. The purpose of this work was to determine how well the results of this experiment agree with the outstanding literature values for the diffusion coefficient and solubility of hydrogen in stainless steel. Hydrogen and argon were mixed in a heated tank containing a 316 stainless steel coiled tube. Pure argon purge gas was passed through the tube into a mass spectrometer where the compositional transients of the respective gas species were recorded. Fitting the theoretical transition model to the experimental data yielded the diffusion coefficient and solubility of hydrogen in stainless steel. The tests were carried out at a working pressure of hydrogen from 0.01 to 0.5 atm. and temperatures from 700 to 783 K. The theoretical model fits well the shape of the transient penetration data. The observed values for the diffusion and solubility of hydrogen in stainless steel from these transients are similar to the literature values with some differences. These differences can be explained by known phenomena. The results of this experimental method are very close to published diffusion and solubility values, which ensures that the experiment can be used as a teaching aid. The method can be extended to other materials for research or demonstration purposes.
The SUU Nursing program was developed within the basic theoretical framework of learner-centered education. The students participated well in the learning process, but as a group they were unable to acquire the personal factual knowledge needed to succeed at NCLEX. Students take nursing courses without taking responsibility for factual information. Group learning activities are not sufficient to demonstrate the knowledge of individual students. Analyzing student underachievement through standardized testing encourages the School of Nursing to explore changes in learning. Key elements of constructivist developmental theory provide insight into positive pedagogical change that has been successful for our graduates. This presentation highlights trends in data from standardized tests used within the care program as well as NCLEX results. This presentation provides support for the work to advance the concepts of constructivist developmental theory and their application to nursing education. Numerous theoretical models of nursing education attempt to lay the groundwork for the nursing curriculum. The teaching reforms at SUU’s Department of Nursing are consistent with constructivist developmental theory, and student learning outcomes consistently support this concept.
Daphne Solomon, DNP, FNP-C Diane Fuller*, DNP, APRN, FNP-C, Debra Whipple*, DNP, FNP-BC, Ana Sanchez-Birkhead, PhD, WHNP-BC Department of Nursing
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBCC) is the most aggressive and deadly form of breast cancer. IBC was once a universally fatal disease, but today the 5-year survival is 30-40% (Bond, Connoly, & Asci, 2010). IBC was once a universally fatal disease, but today the 5-year survival rate is 30-40% (Bond, Connoly, & Asci, 2010). Когда-то ИБК был смертельно опасным заболеванием, но сегодня 5-летняя выживаемость составляет 30-40% (Bond, Connoly, & Asci, 2010). IB was once a deadly disease, but today the 5-year survival rate is 30-40% (Bond, Connoly, & Asci, 2010). Когда-то ИБК был смертельно опасным заболеванием, но сегодня 5-летняя выживаемость составляет 30-40% (Bond, Connoly & Asci, 2010). IB was once a deadly disease, but today the 5-year survival rate is 30-40% (Bond, Connoly & Asci, 2010). IBC accounts for 1% to 6% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Rarity is alien to both the doctor and the patient (Molckovsky et al., 2009). Most patients see their primary care physician (PCP) first. IBC is often misdiagnosed as breast cellulitis or mastitis. Much of the literature on IB is published in oncology journals. Rarely seen in primary care, gynecology, or internal medicine journals. A review of textbooks in medicine and pathophysiology revealed little information available to medical students. The goal of this project is to improve understanding by patients and healthcare providers of the signs, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and guidelines associated with IBC.
The Health Belief Model (HBM) is the theoretical basis for this project. Through PCP and IBC patient education, early detection and diagnosis of this disease can lead to a better prognosis.
Alyssa Simon Beveridge, Madison Rae, Jessica Brown, Emily Clendening, Sierra Gish, Nika Clark*, Cynthia Wright, Ph.D.* Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 35.9% of US adults are obese, 8.9% are pre-diabetic, and 8.3% are diabetic.
The aim of the project was to determine if there is an association between body fat and elevated blood sugar and other health-related variables among students, faculty, and staff on the University of Southern Utah campus. A convenience sample of 384 was drawn from the university population. Participants completed an IRB-approved survey and received three measurements: waist circumference, body fat, and A1c (an indicator of the risk of developing diabetes).
Nearly 5 percent of participants were underweight, 26 percent were overweight, and 14 percent were obese. Results related to body fat percentage showed that as body fat percentage increased, so did A1c levels, waist circumference, and age. Married participants also had a higher percentage of body fat.
Nearly 6% of participants had an A1c above 7 (considered elevated). Elevated A1c is associated with marital status and dissatisfaction with weight and physical health.
The use of polymeric materials in the manufacture of microchips makes the study of microfluidic separation more practical and efficient. We fabricate microchips built from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrates using electrodeposited nickel templates to construct separation channels. The PDMS substrates were cleaned with tape and exposed to UV light in an attempt to plasma clean the polymer. After cleaning, PDMS was added to the glass slide to form the bottom of the separating channel. The open format of these microfluidic devices allows the analysis of proteins and small molecules using electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques.
We are studying the behavior of phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids in the presence of copper. PS is present in the cell membranes of most organisms and is involved in important and diverse cellular processes such as apoptosis, coagulation, and disease transmission. Previous studies have shown that copper(II) ions bind to PS and have shown that copper-PS complexes can “flip” the transmembrane bilayer. We have used electrophoresis and microfluidics and are currently using a copper-catalyzed reaction to try to demonstrate whether inversion of the complex actually occurs.
Organic compounds with antibiotic properties are the cornerstone of medicine and human health. This research aims to find new ways to synthesize antibiotics from simple starting materials. To achieve this goal, photocatalytic [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of alkenes and isocyanates in visible light have been used to prepare monocyclic lactam antibiotics. The initial work focused on developing conditions for the production reaction between phenylisocyanate and transstilbene. More recent experiments have focused on increasing the reactivity of the photocatalyst by adding a stoichiometric amount of an oxidative quencher. When analyzing reaction mixtures containing oxidizing additives, several new products were discovered. We are currently working on isolating and characterizing these new products.
Taricha granulosa is a salamander that secretes the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) from its skin. Salamanders use tetrodotoxin as a defense against predators. Adults, larvae and embryos of Taricha torosa have been shown to contain TTX. We wanted to quantify the amount of TTX shed by salamanders at different stages of their lives, including embryos, larvae (before and after the appearance of the hind legs), and adult salamanders. We will use gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GCMS) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with microarray fluorescence detection to determine TTX concentration. The aim of our study was to confirm that capillary zone electrophoresis is a suitable platform for the quantification of tetrodotoxin. The application of this study is to obtain baseline levels of tetrodotoxin to aid further research.
By studying the well-known and well-characterized Fischer-Indole reaction, potential alternative routes for the synthesis of indole and carbazole have been identified. This proposed reaction involves the formation of the same intermediates as in the Fischer process. If this convergence with a common intermediate proceeds as expected, the proposed reaction should give the same product as the Fischer procedure. If this turns out to be true, a new chemical reaction will be identified.
The proposed reaction for the synthesis of indoles (and ultimately carbazoles) involves the coupling of aromatic nitroso compounds to cyclic amine moieties in a novel mechanistic pathway. The scheme below shows the proposed new reaction. The convenience of this reaction will be manifested in the need for fewer steps and less expensive and less easy to handle reagents than other synthetic methods. The biggest potential advantage is that the highly toxic hydrazine required to use the Fisher method is not required.
The reaction was investigated under various reaction conditions, including various solvents, various pH concentrations, microwave and conventional reaction methods, and even using various catalysts.
This answer has been studied, but unfortunately not successful. The reason for this has not yet been established. Further research is needed to determine why this reaction has so far been unsuccessful and how this information could be effectively used.
R. J. Corry, Taylor Everett, Cody Hilton, Bruce Smalley, and Chris Monson, Ph.D. *Department of Physical Sciences
Cell membranes and their proteins play an important role in daily life and are of particular interest to those who study life. An increasing number of studies are focusing on the role of these proteins and membranes and their interactions in pharmaceutical and theoretical research. More recently, supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) have been used to purify membrane proteins using a technique called electrophoresis/electroosmotic focusing (EEF). Although this method is well understood at the beginning and end of lipid/protein separation, the behavior of these lipids/proteins in between is not well understood. We are trying to create a computer simulation that will allow us to simulate the behavior of lipids and proteins at all stages of separation. This is intended to help understand protein-lipid interactions for future research.
Imines are an important class of organic compounds containing (CH=N)) functional groups. They are also called Schiff bases, after the giant Schiff who synthesized them in 1864. They are synthesized by condensation reactions between aldehydes or ketones and amines. Many imines show significant biological activity such as antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer activity. Our goal was the synthesis of new imines by the reaction of N-heterocyclic aldehydes and amines. These imines can act as bidentate ligands and form stable five-membered ring structures with transition metals. Another goal of our project is the complexation of new imines with d8 metals (ie nickel, platinum and palladium). We hope that the synthesized platinum complex will be an analogue of the antitumor drug cisplatin. After successful synthesis, the metal complexes will be tested for this potential biological activity.
We have synthesized new imines of 5-aminouracil and three different N-heterocyclic aldehydes. 1H-NMR and IR data show that we have synthesized the desired imine. Work continues on the isolation of pure products and the synthesis of their metal complexes. A useful property of our newly synthesized imines is that they fluoresce strongly in the blue region of visible light.
Alkylamines (RNH2) are an important class of organic molecules, including biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. They are found in many important compounds such as morphine, dopamine and all proteins. Therefore, the production of alkylamines is of crucial importance for the synthesis of new and better drugs. This work is devoted to the use of alkylborane intermediates for the formation of nitrogen-carbon bonds of alkylamines. The hydroboration of alkenes with borane (BH3) followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is well known. We propose the use of this alkylborane intermediate followed by the use of nitrogen equivalents of hydrogen peroxide to provide access to alkylamines from alkenes. The selectivity of the anti-Markovnikov site is similar to hydroboroxidation. The oxidation control reaction by hydroboration was successfully carried out on transstilbene. Productive experimental conditions for the desired reactions are currently being developed.
Reactions catalyzed by transition metals can be used in the organic synthesis of drugs, materials (plastics), and fuels. The structure and electronics of phosphine ligands coordinated to transition metal centers can significantly affect the reactivity of catalysts. This research is devoted to the synthesis of new phosphine ligands for new reactions catalyzed by transition metals. The highly reactive trialkylphosphine ligand diethyl tert-butylphosphine was synthesized and protected as a borane adduct from phosphorus trichloride and the corresponding Grignard reagents in a total yield of 66% (4 steps). It was found that the steric and electronic effects of Grignard reagents have a significant effect on the reactivity and selectivity of the three-step reaction of nucleophilic addition to phosphorus (III) centers. Future work will focus on developing a general procedure for the preparation of the desired trialkylphosphine borane adducts from phosphorus trichloride in high yields.
We are developing a new method for creating microfluidic devices using metal wires as templates. Microfluidic devices are commonly used in medical and other routine tests, but high prototyping costs limit their use in less versatile settings such as organic chemistry. Our method uses inexpensive materials (Mg wire, PDMS and HCl) to model and build microfluidic devices. We are testing the behavior of our microfluidic device and hope to start testing organic reactions and developing additional features with our microfluidic device soon.
Jacob Anderson, Russell Grimshaw, Adam Hendrickson, Allen Hamekki, Jeremy Leonard and Roger Greener* Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management
3D printers have been prohibitively expensive to buy and operate since they were first developed. There have been significant improvements in the field of 3D printers over the past few years, resulting in lower purchase costs. It also creates a wide variety of designs. We see the growing field of 3D printers as an opportunity to explore ongoing projects and build 3D printers for ourselves. This 3D printer is not only affordable, but also combines the best designs with those we have created ourselves.
The mountain bike industry is growing every year and with this growth, new technologies are needed. Downhill mountain bikes are at the forefront of innovation in material strength, lightweight components, frame geometry and suspension performance.
Scott Hansen and I started developing a new downhill mountain bike frame with excellent suspension and handling. The design uses a simple pushrod system that rotates a pair of cams to drive the rear suspension as the rear wheel moves up and down 8 inches of travel. This arm design allows the rear shock to be mounted as low as possible within the frame, resulting in a very low center of gravity and excellent handling. Once the design is complete, we will start building a prototype frame with chrome tubes. Once the frame is ready, the bike will be assembled from donated or purchased lightweight aluminum and carbon fiber components. The ultimate goal is to create a durable, lightweight, fully functional downhill mountain bike similar to those raced on the UCI Downhill World Cup circuit.
Caitlin Torgersen, Erin Carter, Cynthia Wright, Ph.D.* and Nika Clark* Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences
Metabolic syndrome describes a group of risk factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, or stroke. These risk factors include high blood pressure, elevated fasting blood sugar, increased waist circumference, and abnormal cholesterol levels. Metabolic syndrome occurs when three or more of these conditions are present at the same time. According to the American Heart Association, 35% of American adults have metabolic syndrome (Association, 2011). This study assessed University of Southern Utah (SUU) faculty and spouses for the presence or risk of developing metabolic syndrome (with three risk factors) or the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (with two risk factors). In partnership with the SUU T-fit health program, 189 participants were tested. More than 33% of participants had metabolic syndrome, and another 21.7% were at risk for developing metabolic syndrome, as evidenced by the presence of two risk factors. In addition, a survey was conducted to evaluate lifestyle factors that may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze data showing that there are many lifestyle factors that increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
Kaylie Briggs, Samantha Hirschi, Sarah Miller, Kylie Stringham, Artis Grady, Ph.D.*, Matthew Schmidt, Ph.D.* Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences
The consumption of high amounts of fat in the diet of the average American is an ongoing problem in the dietitian community. By reducing overall dietary fat intake, the successful development of low-fat diets that can be made by the general population may have important implications for combating cardiovascular disease and obesity. The researchers experimented with various common ingredients (apple puree, yogurt, bean puree, etc.) used as fat substitutes to produce four low-fat dessert products in popular recipes. 56-73% less fat than the original recipe. Fifty-six volunteer participants, aged 18 to 31, 37 women and 19 men, tasted each dessert and conducted a brief evaluation of the product. Mean food acceptability scores on a 7-point scale (from 1 very dislike to 7 very like) were 4.83 (cakes), 5.20 (oatmeal cookies), 5.45 (spiced muffins), and 5.49 (chocolate cookies). cookie). After being told the foods were lower in fat, the percentages of participants who still found the foods acceptable were: chocolate chip cookies (96%), oatmeal cookies (93%), spiced muffins (75%), and brownies (64%). ). When participants were asked about common ingredients that can replace fat in baked goods, participants had no knowledge. They correctly identified the possibility of applesauce and yogurt, but incorrectly suggested sugar substitutes, milk, margarine, whole grain flour, and brown sugar. Although this population received the tested low-fat foods, they may benefit from learning about suitable fat substitutes and how to use them in recipes as a strategy to reduce dietary fat intake.
Eric Carter, Aubrey Lyman, Robert Miguel, Ryland Morrill, Kashaana Renfro, Dallen Whitney, and Cynthia Wright, Ph.D.* Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences
Osteoporosis is a common disease in which multiple bone fractures occur. It most commonly occurs in the spine, hip, or wrist and can result in serious injury or death. The prevalence of osteoporosis in the United States is estimated to increase from about 10 million to over 14 million by 2012 (based on 2000 Census data). With higher bone density at an early age, the risk of osteoporosis decreases. Participation in physical activity, such as organized athletics, is often associated with an increase in bone density.
The research project investigated the following questions: Does a person’s bone density change with participation in physical activity?
This study found a positive association between lifetime physical activity and bone mineral density, suggesting that people who were physically active throughout their lives had significantly higher bone density than people who had lower levels of lifetime activity. . People who have not been physically active are much more likely to have low bone density (about 10% of our population) than people with low, moderate and high levels of activity. Studies have shown that as activity levels increase, the likelihood of normal or high bone density increases.
Dr. Portia Terry, Megan Beasley and Cynthia Wright* Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences
In the United States, 35.7% of adults are overweight or obese (cdc.gov). A number of factors are thought to be contributing to this epidemic, such as food availability and portion sizes. This study assessed the impact of nutrition education interventions on nutrition knowledge and eating behavior. In this study, students enrolled in a general nutrition course were asked to complete a before and after survey regarding knowledge about eating behavior and portion sizes. After the pre-test, the researchers gave the students information about portion sizes. Three weeks later, the students were given a post-test to assess the changes. The other participants were faculty and spouses who participated in the University of Southern Utah health assessment. Teachers and their spouses completed only one survey and did not receive any educational content. In total, 260 students and 190 employees/teachers/spouses took part in the survey. The data were analyzed using the 21st edition of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Paired t-tests were performed on pre- and post-tests of students, and independent t-tests were used to compare student responses to employees/teachers/spouses. Results are expected.
Dr. Fabiola Perez, Joshua Sagisi, Emanuel Williams, Jan-Andro Hakob and Cindy Wright* Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences
Indicating the presence of E. coli bacteria in each water sample will allow you to check the quality of both bottled and tap water. Coliforms are indicator organisms from the same bacterial source that detect the presence of multiple pathogens. It is not recommended to monitor other microorganisms for the presence of other dangerous pathogens due to their different localization. (Byamukama and Kanshiime et al., 1999). E. coli can survive in drinking water for 4 to 12 weeks depending on environmental conditions (Rice, Karlin, Allen, 2012). Ten different brands of bottled water will be tested for E. coli bacteria, as well as tap water from ten different households. Each brand of bottled water and tap water for domestic use is presented in triplicate. At the same time, a large number of water samples are placed in the incubator for analysis and stimulation of bacterial growth. This will determine the purity of each sample. Samples will be placed in a dark room where UV light will be used to illuminate the samples to detect the presence of E. coli. (Rice, Carlin, Allen, 2012).
The San Francisco Mountains in southwestern Utah have been heavily mined over the past few decades. Mining is mainly concentrated in Tertiary quartz monzonites, intrusive Paleozoic limestones. Significant resources occur along two major faults rich in hydrothermal porphyry deposits, but the intersection of these faults has not been well documented due to poor rock outcrop. Working with a local mining company, Southern Utah students began preliminary mapping to locate and characterize this fault crossing before proceeding with the exploration. We mapped the location of exposed fractures using a Triton Juno GPS device and measured their density and fracture orientation using a Brenton balance and compass. The results of rose diagrams, stereograms and maps indicate the presence of intersections within the study area. Fracture density increases as intersections are approached, especially along one of the fracture directions, and usually localized mineralization along faults. We recommend further exploration in the form of core drilling at mineralized fault intersections to determine the feasibility of economic exploitation.
The Huahua Mountains near Minasville, Utah, have been explored for minerals for the past few decades. Resources are concentrated in hydrothermally altered porphyritic faults, typically where tertiary quartz monzonites are intruded into Paleozoic limestones. In addition to Tertiary magmatism, the Huahua Mountains show a significant thrust of the Late Cretaceous orogeny of Seville, placing Paleozoic sedimentary rocks on top of Middle Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. During a structural mapping project in the area, Navajo sandstone at the foot of the Blue Mountains Thrust was found to have undergone hydrothermal silicification, making it similar to quartzite. Upon closer examination, other hydrothermal mineralizations were discovered. These results shift the research focus from documenting structural geology to documenting unique hydrothermal alterations in Navajo sandstones.
This study includes the following methods. In the area of the Blue Mountains, a search is underway for deposits near the thrust of the Sevier era. Samples of Jurassic Navajo sandstone were collected and thin sections were made to analyze the metal content of the rock. Samples found near the easternmost tip of the Blue Mountains Thrust Fault contained quartz, hematite, and other minor metals. Mineralization is not particularly rich, but with increasing depth, deposits of metals in the veins can be more numerous. Further analysis, such as analysis of gravity and core data, is needed to determine the value of the mineralization.
Spencer Francisco, John S. McLean, Ph.D.*, and Michael Hofmann, Ph.D.*, Department of Physical Sciences
The Book Rocks in southeastern Utah have been the playground for generations of clastic sedimentary geologists. Many of the outcrops have been extensively studied because they are good counterparts for a number of inshore, offshore and terrestrial subsurface reservoirs. However, most outcrops provide only 2D images and cannot fully characterize the stratigraphic structure and facies heterogeneity. In this study, we present data from new outcrop cores from the Upper Cretaceous Price Canyon, Castlegate and Blackhawk Formations. The study, part of a collaboration between the University of Southern Utah and the University of Montana, focused on characterizing the 3D subsurface structure and facies heterogeneity of these formations from a series of cores. The cores described here contain a large number of sedimentary facies associated with coastal and coastal settings. The rocks associated with the Blackhawk Formation sites contain prominent patches of white, fine-grained, bedded and cross-bedded sandstone with fine silt laminations separated by gray to black twisted and bedded mudstones, gray siltstones, and seams of coal.
We interpret these packets as representing a transition from a coastal/deltaic planar environment dominated by fluvial processes to a fully fluvial environment during the Castlegate period. The thickness of the sand body (channel size) varies with time, with multilayer channels merging more frequently in the Castlegate interval. Research will continue, starting with a systematic analysis of the remaining cores and ending with a series of student projects on facies analysis and 3D facies modeling.
Previous researchers have proposed a mechanism for two-plate tectonics on Mars based on the left-handed transformational displacement of the Mariner Valley. Using methods such as Thermal Imaging System (THEMIS) satellite imagery, High Resolution Science Imaging Experiment (HiRISE) satellite imagery, digital elevation models, and interactive software such as Google Mars, we have identified other nearby large-scale surface features in the Marineris Valley. . and Tarsis Ryze. Although tectonic movement is much slower on Mars, we can compare the lines, folds, and conjugate junctions of Mars with similar structures on Earth to explain potential plate boundaries. For example, a set of NE trendlines with significant lateral strike-slip displacement and associated junctions northeast of the Tarshish Rise may accommodate displacements between two plates. Our observations make it possible to identify at least two additional edges of potential plates in this region. We propose a tectonic model showing relative movement along plate boundaries showing a multi-plate system on Mars.
In the Köppen climate classification, an arid/semi-arid climate or climate B is defined as a climate in which evaporation exceeds precipitation. However, he did not provide a formal calculation procedure. We propose a new name, potential excess precipitation (PEP), as a convenient method for delineating semi-arid and humid areas. The PEP value is equal to the actual amount of precipitation minus the potential evapotranspiration (POTET). If the PEP value is positive, the station’s climate is A, C, or D, but if the PEP value is negative, the station’s climate is B. Applying the PEP value gives each station a positive or negative value that can be plotted, and the null contour defines a semi-dry-wet boundary .
The Kaiparowitz Formation, located in south-central Utah, holds the record for the Late Cretaceous floodplain that drained from the La Ramedia Highlands into the Western Inland Waterway. The formation is rich in fossils and contains fossil plants, invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals, many of which are new to science. Large-scale interpretations of this formation have previously been described as fluvial and floodplain deposits containing various swamp and pond deposits. This study provides a detailed sedimentological description of a small plant fossil quarry and explains the depositional conditions.